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Philadelphia has a historical Irish American population. Philadelphia has the second largest Irish American population in the country, and is the largest ethnic group in the city, making up 14.2% of the population. Irish had lived in Philadelphia since the pre-American Revolution period. Irishmen had participated in pro-Revolutionary activities in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War.〔Clark, p. (9 ).〕 In 1960, many of the Irish in the city were known to join the Philadelphia Police Department and Philadelphia Fire Department.〔Potter (1960), p. 530〕 Philadelphia's Saint Patrick's Day parade is the second oldest in the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Philadelphia's St. Patrick's Day Parade )〕 The first major influx of Irish came in 1844 from rural areas, spurred by the Irish Famine. Philadelphia at the time had a need for industrial labor,〔Poxon, p. (9 ).〕 and at the time Philadelphia was becoming a major industrial center in the United States.〔Clark, p. (31 ).〕 Irish took industrial positions. Nativist groups opposed the influx of the Irish. The Irish gained financial and social status in the 19th Century and founded institutions during the period. Irish institutions included hospitals, associations, and schools.〔 ==Institutions== The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick was founded in 1771.〔 Several associations were formed in the 19th Century. The first mutual aid groups to support individual counties were those for County Donegal and County Mayo, and others were subsequently formed. The Total Abstinence Brotherhood was founded to promote Catholic-based morality and an abstinence from alcohol. The Clan na Gael and the Fenian Brotherhood were formed to support Ireland-based nationalist groups.〔 Some groups had Philadelphia-based chapters with their own meeting halls. They included the Ancient Order of the Hibernians, The Irish Catholic Benevolent Union, and the Irish League.〔Poxon, p. (9 )-(10 ).〕 During the 20th Century the Irish Center/Commodore Barry Club and the Irish American Club raised funds for Irish-related causes through meetings.〔Poxon, p. (10 ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Irish Americans in Philadelphia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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